Coking oven



MayIS, 1928.. 1,669,168

H. H. KOPF'ERS COKING OVEN Filed Deol 2 1925 4 SheetsSheet.

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May 8, 1928. 1,669,168

H. H. KOPPERS comm OVEN Filed Dec. 22. 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig 3.

May 1928. 1,669,168

H. H.. KOPPERS COKING OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 22, 1925 U we 1P.

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. H. H. KOPPERS comm OVEN Filed Dec 22.- 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 llltl/llnvIII!!! I If I! wuyaml qx 'IIII1Ill!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIA w anPatented May 8, 1928.

1 NITFED sm-res e rs NT orrrcis.

HANS HEINRICH KOPPERS,OF ESSEN-RUHR, GERMANY.

GOKING 'OVEN'.

Application filed December 22, 1925. Serial No. ?7,0l3, and in GermanySepteinber-l3,.1924.

My invention refers to coking ovens used in the distillation of fuel andmore especially coal and inwhich gas and coke are .produced. Itsparticular object is to provide means --whereby a uniform distributiono't'heat over all parts of the oven can be obtained.

"In the coking ovens hitherto used, no matter Whether the coal or othermaterial treated was storedin coking chambers or in retorts, an exactguiding and distributing of the heating .media has been obtained bymeans of nozzles orthe like and by nicely regulating the quantity ofwaste heat by means of small slides, thereby obtaining a comparativelyuniform heating of the single coking chamber or retort both inlongitudinal and in vertical direction. In contradistinction thereto theuniform heating of all the chambers or groups of retorts assembled in abattery of coking ovens has not been provided for in anentirelysatisfactory or regenerators which extend at right angles to theretortsor chambers and in parallel to the longitudinal walls of the;battery and below the chambers or retorts. In this arrangement eachheating wall communicates at the bottom with the regenerators common toall the heating walls and at the top with heat distributing conduitswhich are also common to all the heating walls. In the coking chambertype of oven only a single distributing conduit or rather a single setof such conduits arranged in parallel to each other, is provided and thedistribution of heat takes place in this oven in the regenerators asWell as in the distributing conduits. In the retort type of oven, wherethe retorts areknown to be charged with fuel from one end, anumber ofjuxtaposed distributing conduits can be provided which is equal to thenumber of heating fiues in the several heating walls. In the ovens ofthe coking chamber type heed must be paid to the charging holes providedin the top of the oven and in consequence thereof the heating conduitsingroup's of two or morefiuesnin order to avoid collision between theconduits and the charging holes.

lVith these and further objects in view I am now, proceeding. to moreespecially adescriben iy invention with reference tothe annexed drawingsforming part of this specification and in Whicha retortoven and a cokingoven embodying.myflinventionware illustrated diagrammatically way of.example.

Inthe drawings I Fig. l is a longitudinal section of part :of the retortoven and Fig. 2 is a cross-section, partly on the line II and partly onthe line IIII in Fig. 1. i i

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the connections between the regenerators,heating fines and distributing conduits when working with poor gas andFig. 3 isa similar diagram showing the working conditions when usingstrong gas.

F ig; l is a longitudinal section of part of a coking chamber ovenandFig. 5 is a crosssection on the line VV in Fig. 4. Referring first toFigs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, 1 is the brickwork foundation of the ovenand 19,19 are the supportingwalls for the-retorts 20. 5, 5 arelongitudinal supports for spacing the retorts-in vertical direction. Thesupporting walls l9 also define the heating tlu'es 2, 2, a plurality ofwhich is provided for heating each group of superposed retorts,.five ofwhich are assembled into a group. 3 is the top wall or cover of the ovenwhich rests on the longitudinal walls and on the supporting walls 19.21, 21 are vertical channels extending through this cover, one aboveeach heating flue, 41-, 4 the conduits extending horizontally above andin parallel with each group of retorts, 22, 22 are short channelsextending longitudinally of the oven and interconnecting theseveralchannels 24L, these channels forming the primary system of distributingconduitsspoken of above. 23,, 23 are small slides serving to control thechannels 22 and 34, 34 are a second system of distributing conduit-sextending in parallel with the system formed by the conduits 22, 22 andabove same. 10, l1, l2 and 13 are four heat storers or regeneratorsextending side by side in the longitudinal direction of the oven, two ofthem always serving for preheating gas and air or air alone, while theother pair of regenerators acts as exhaust heat storers, the connectionsbetween the two pairs of regenerators and the heating fines beingreversed about twice an hour. 14, 15, 16 17 are channels whichdistribute the heating media and the exhaust heat entering or escapingfrom the several nozzles 18 at the bottom of the single heating ilues.The retorts 20, 20 are spaced farther apart than in a normal oven inorder to avoid the formation of dead corners. a

'The heating media are for instance conducted from the regenerators 10and 11 through chan'nels'lG and l? to the heating fines 2 and rise inthe heating walls in contact with the retorts, the distributing conduits22 affording the possibility of an even distribution of the all over thelength of the battery.

In order to afford a similar possibility also in the case where singlegroups of retorts must be cut out for the purpose of re pairs or thelike, a second system of distributing conduitsB is provided above theconduits 22, which in the case of re pairs or the like must be cut outalso by means of the slides 23 as far as the respective group of retortsis concerned. In this case a free dis tribution of the heating gaseswill take place through the second system of distributing conduits 34c.

As a rule the oven is operated in such man ner thatethe heating gasesrise between two groups of retorts and descend between the adjoiningpair of groups, an equal distribution of heating gases and waste gasesbeing obtained at the bottom by means of the heat storers 'and onthe topby means of the distributing conduits and respectively.

This distribution can be followed more easily in the diagram illustratedin Figs. 3 and 3 where the heating walls defining the single chambers orretorts are, so to speak, connected between the gas and air preheatingregenerators 10 and 11 on the one side and the distributing conduits 22'on the other side, and further between these conduits and theregenerators 12 and 13 serving at this moment for storing the wasteheat. The air regenerators 11 and 12 can be made to extend across theentire length of the battery, so that they can be directly connectedwith the channels 24 and 25 (Figs. 1 and 2) disposed b low them andwhich serve for supplying the air and for exhausting the waste heat. Onthe other hand I prefer to connect the two outer regenerators 10 and 13which serve for preheating the gases with the channels and 29appertaining to them by means of bends 26 and 27 respectively. Thesebends are provided with valves 31 (Fig. 2) which allow changing overfrom the preheating of gas to the preheating of air, if it is desired toheat the battery with strong which need not be preheated. In order to beable to effect this selective heating with strong or with poor gas alsofor single groups of retorts or coking chambers, the gas preheatingregenerators 10 and 13 can be subdivided by partitions 32 (Fig. 3) andin that case the distribution at the bottom of the battery merely takesplace by means of the air preheating regenerators 11 and 12. I

In the coking chamber oven illustrated in Figs. at and 5, which isoperated in the same manner as described with reference to the retortoven, the second system. of distributing conduits 3% can be dispensedwith inasmuch as in this case the vertical channels 85 which connect theheating flues with the dietributing channels 22 can be closed at anydesired moment by means of slides 36, so that each set of heating fluescan be thrown out separately without thereby disturbing the freecommunication between the other rows of heating fiues across thedistributing conduits 22.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to theexact details of construction shown and described for obviousmodifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

Battery of coke ovens comprising a series of alternate parallelhorizontal coking retorts and heating chambers therefor, each of saidheating chambers comprising vertical fiues, regenerators below saidretorts and con'inrunicably connected with said fines at the bottomsthereof, two waste heat collecting conduits, one above the other, eachof said conduits extending horizontally above said chambers andtransversely thereto over the entire length of the battery andcommunicably connected to said lines of each of said heating chambers,at the tops of said lines.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HANS HEINRICH KOPPERS.

